Authorship Criteria And Contributions Policy

Bima Journal (Business, Management and Accounting Journal)

Publisher: Perkumpulan Dosen Muda (PDM) Bengkulu, Indonesia

Official Website: https://journal.pdmbengkulu.org/index.php/bima

Introduction

Bima Journal (Business, Management and Accounting Journal), published by Perkumpulan Dosen Muda (PDM) Bengkulu, is committed to maintaining high standards of academic integrity, responsible authorship, transparency, accountability, and ethical scholarly publishing.

The journal recognises that authorship provides appropriate academic recognition while establishing responsibility for the accuracy, originality, validity, and integrity of published research.

This policy applies to all manuscripts submitted to Bima Journal, including original research articles, review articles, conceptual papers, and case studies in business, management, accounting, finance, economics, entrepreneurship, organisational studies, and related disciplines.

To ensure fair recognition and accountability, the journal adopts the four authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) established under ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022, and relevant ethical principles promoted by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

These frameworks guide authorship eligibility, transparent recognition of individual contributions, the prevention of inappropriate authorship practices, and the resolution of authorship-related concerns.

1. Authorship Criteria

To qualify for authorship, an individual must satisfy all four of the following criteria.

1.1 Substantial Intellectual Contributions

The individual must have made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the research, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data.

Relevant contributions may include developing research questions, establishing theoretical frameworks, designing research methodologies, collecting empirical data, conducting financial or statistical analyses, interpreting business and accounting information, or developing scholarly arguments.

1.2 Drafting or Critical Revision

The individual must have participated in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.

Such contributions may include developing theoretical discussions, explaining research methods, interpreting empirical findings, critically examining statistical or econometric results, or substantially revising the manuscript's scholarly arguments.

Language editing, proofreading, translation, or manuscript formatting alone does not satisfy this criterion.

1.3 Final Approval

The individual must approve the final version of the manuscript intended for publication.

All authors must have sufficient opportunity to review the complete manuscript, verify their contributions, and confirm the accuracy of the information presented.

1.4 Accountability

The individual must agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work by ensuring that questions concerning the accuracy, validity, or integrity of any part of the research are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Authors must accept responsibility for their own contributions, understand the responsibilities of their co-authors, and have confidence in the integrity of the collaborative work.

All four authorship criteria are mandatory and must be satisfied simultaneously.

Individuals who satisfy all four criteria should be recognised as authors. Individuals who do not meet these criteria must not be granted authorship solely because of their institutional position, academic seniority, financial support, administrative authority, or personal relationships.

2. Author Contributions and the CRediT Taxonomy

Bima Journal requires authors to submit an Author Contributions Statement describing the specific contributions of each author using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), recognised under ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022.

The taxonomy comprises 14 standardised contributor roles:

Conceptualization: Development of research ideas, objectives, theoretical approaches, and conceptual frameworks.
Methodology: Development or design of research methods, analytical approaches, and empirical procedures.
Software: Programming, software development, and implementation of computational tools used in the research.
Validation: Verification of research findings, analytical procedures, and the reliability of research outputs.
Formal analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, econometric, computational, or other formal analytical techniques.
Investigation: Conducting surveys, interviews, fieldwork, document analysis, experiments, or other research activities.
Resources: Provision of research materials, datasets, instruments, facilities, or other necessary resources.
Data curation: Management, cleaning, documentation, preservation, and organisation of research data.
Writing – original draft: Preparation and development of the initial manuscript.
Writing – review & editing: Critical review, intellectual revision, and improvement of the manuscript.
Visualization: Preparation of research figures, graphs, conceptual models, diagrams, and other visual materials.
Supervision: Academic oversight, research guidance, and supervision of research activities.
Project administration: Coordination and management of the research project.
Funding acquisition: Acquisition of financial resources supporting the research.

Individual authors may undertake multiple roles, and the same role may be assigned to more than one author.

CRediT roles describe contributions but do not independently determine eligibility for authorship. All listed authors must satisfy the four authorship criteria adopted by Bima Journal.

Example of an Author Contributions Statement

Author Contributions (CRediT):

A.B.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, and Writing – review & editing.

C.D.: Investigation, Data curation, Software, and Visualization.

E.F.: Supervision, Validation, Funding acquisition, and Writing – review & editing.

All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the work.

3. Non-Author Contributors and Acknowledgements

Individuals who do not satisfy all four authorship criteria must not be listed as authors. Their contributions may instead be recognised in the Acknowledgements section.

Activities that do not independently qualify an individual for authorship include:

Providing research funding or financial sponsorship.
Holding an institutional or administrative position.
Providing general supervision without sufficient intellectual involvement.
Offering administrative or technical assistance.
Collecting data without meeting the remaining authorship criteria.
Providing language editing, translation, proofreading, or manuscript formatting.
Providing institutional facilities, databases, software access, or research permissions.
Offering general advice without substantial scholarly involvement.

The corresponding author must obtain permission from individuals named in the Acknowledgements section.

Bima Journal prohibits inappropriate authorship practices, including gift authorship, honorary authorship, guest authorship, and undisclosed ghost authorship.

Authorship must reflect genuine intellectual contributions rather than personal relationships, institutional authority, financial arrangements, or academic status.

4. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author serves as the principal contact between the author group and Bima Journal throughout manuscript submission, peer review, revision, publication, and post-publication communication.

The corresponding author is responsible for:

Confirming that all listed authors satisfy the journal's four authorship criteria.
Ensuring that eligible contributors have not been improperly excluded.
Obtaining approval from all authors before manuscript submission.
Verifying the accuracy of author names, institutional affiliations, email addresses, and ORCID iDs.
Coordinating and verifying the Author Contributions Statement.
Ensuring that relevant funding, conflict-of-interest, research ethics, data availability, and GenAI declarations are provided.
Managing manuscript submission and editorial correspondence through Open Journal Systems (OJS).
Coordinating responses to editorial and reviewer comments.
Obtaining approval of the final manuscript from all authors.
Coordinating proof corrections before publication.
Responding appropriately to questions or concerns arising after publication.

Where authors designate a guarantor responsible for the overall integrity of the research, the guarantor's identity and responsibilities should be clearly stated.

The designation of a guarantor does not diminish the accountability of other authors.

5. Equal Contribution and Group Authorship

5.1 Equal Contribution

Bima Journal permits an equal-contribution statement when two or more authors have made comparable substantive intellectual contributions.

Equal contributions must be agreed upon by all authors and may be indicated in a manuscript footnote or the Author Contributions Statement.

Example:

"A.B. and C.D. contributed equally to this work."

Equal-contribution status does not exempt any author from satisfying the four authorship criteria.

5.2 Group or Consortium Authorship

Research conducted by collaborative groups, multidisciplinary teams, or research consortia may be submitted under appropriate group authorship arrangements.

The corresponding author must identify the research group, distinguish authors from non-author collaborators, and document individual contributions.

All individuals designated as authors must satisfy the journal's authorship criteria.

Group authorship must comply with the journal's requirements for accurate author identification, institutional affiliations, and publication metadata.

6. Generative Artificial Intelligence and Professional Writing Assistance

Artificial intelligence systems, including generative AI tools, large language models, chatbots, and other AI-assisted technologies, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors.

Any substantive use of GenAI in manuscript preparation, language refinement, literature synthesis, statistical analysis, econometric modelling, visualisation, or other research-related activities must comply with the journal's Policy on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI).

Authors must disclose relevant AI assistance and independently verify the accuracy, originality, reliability, and integrity of AI-assisted content.

The use of AI does not transfer responsibility for research findings, interpretations, references, or conclusions from human authors to technological systems.

Professional academic writers, language editors, translators, statisticians, and other writing assistants must be appropriately acknowledged when their contributions do not satisfy the authorship criteria.

Where relevant, financial support for professional writing or editorial assistance must also be disclosed.

Undisclosed ghostwriting and misrepresentation of intellectual contributions are strictly prohibited.

7. Changes to Authorship

7.1 Before Manuscript Acceptance

Any request to add, remove, or reorder authors, or to change the corresponding author, must be submitted in writing to the Editor-in-Chief.

The request must include:

A clear explanation of the proposed authorship change.
Details of the relevant intellectual contributions.
Written agreement from all authors, including individuals being added or removed.
An updated Author Contributions Statement, where necessary.

The journal may suspend editorial processing until the required documentation has been reviewed.

7.2 After Manuscript Acceptance

Authorship changes requested after manuscript acceptance will be considered only when adequately justified and supported by written agreement from all relevant authors.

The journal may postpone publication while the request is evaluated.

7.3 After Publication

Authorship changes requested after publication will be assessed individually based on supporting evidence and relevant publication ethics guidance.

Where appropriate, approved changes will be implemented through a formal correction notice and corresponding updates to publication metadata.

If an authorship dispute cannot be resolved through the editorial process, the journal may refer the matter to the authors' institutions for investigation.

Editors do not serve as institutional arbiters of unresolved authorship disputes.

8. Author Names, Affiliations, and ORCID Identification

All authors must provide accurate, complete, and verifiable identification information.

Required information includes:

Full author name.
Institutional affiliation.
Country of affiliation.
Active email address.
Valid ORCID iD.

Bima Journal requires authors to provide an ORCID iD to support accurate researcher identification, reliable publication metadata, and appropriate attribution of scholarly contributions.

Authors who do not possess an ORCID iD may register through the official ORCID website:

https://orcid.org/

The primary affiliation should normally reflect the institution where the research or substantive scholarly work was principally undertaken.

Additional institutional affiliations may be included when justified.

False identities, misleading institutional affiliations, fabricated author information, and inaccurate researcher identification details are prohibited.

9. Authorship Disputes and Ethical Misconduct

Bima Journal is committed to addressing authorship-related concerns fairly, confidentially, transparently, and on the basis of verifiable evidence.

Potential violations include:

Listing individuals as authors without their consent.
Including individuals who do not satisfy the authorship criteria.
Excluding eligible contributors from authorship.
Misrepresenting individual author contributions.
Concealing substantial professional writing assistance.
Providing false author identities or institutional affiliations.
Changing authorship information without the required agreement.

The Editor-in-Chief may request written explanations, contribution statements, relevant correspondence, or other supporting documentation.

Unresolved authorship disputes may be referred to relevant academic or research institutions for appropriate investigation.

Depending on the circumstances, editorial actions may include manuscript correction, suspension of processing, rejection, publication of a correction notice, or other appropriate post-publication measures.

All investigations must respect procedural fairness, confidentiality, proportionality, and the integrity of the scholarly record.

10. Implementation through Open Journal Systems (OJS)

Bima Journal implements its authorship policy through the following procedures:

Publishing the Authorship Criteria and Author Contributions Policy on the official journal website.
Incorporating authorship requirements into the Author Guidelines and submission checklist.
Collecting accurate author identities, institutional affiliations, and ORCID information during manuscript submission.
Requiring an Author Contributions Statement using the CRediT taxonomy.
Obtaining confirmation of manuscript approval from all authors.
Reviewing relevant funding, conflict-of-interest, research ethics, data availability, and GenAI declarations.
Recording requests for authorship changes and associated editorial decisions.
Updating published articles and publication metadata when authorised changes are required.
Periodically reviewing the implementation and effectiveness of the authorship policy.

These procedures aim to strengthen transparency, accountability, accurate contributor recognition, and ethical scholarly publishing.

11. Policy Review and Updates

This policy will be periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board of Bima Journal (Business, Management and Accounting Journal), in coordination with Perkumpulan Dosen Muda (PDM) Bengkulu.

Reviews will consider developments in internationally recognised authorship criteria, contributor identification standards, publication ethics, research integrity, and scholarly publishing practices.

Any amendments will be communicated through the journal's official website.

Official Policy Statement

Bima Journal (Business, Management and Accounting Journal) is committed to fair and responsible authorship, transparent recognition of scholarly contributions, and accountability for published research.

Every listed author must satisfy the established authorship criteria, contribute meaningfully to the scholarly work, approve the final manuscript, and accept responsibility for maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the published research.

Policy Authority: Editorial Board of Bima Journal (Business, Management and Accounting Journal)

Publisher: Perkumpulan Dosen Muda (PDM) Bengkulu, Indonesia

Official Journal Website: https://journal.pdmbengkulu.org/index.php/bima