Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Melakukan Imunisasi Lengkap Pada Anak Balita Di Desa Purworejo Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kalirejo Kabupaten Pesawaran

Abstract

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu investasi kesehatan yang paling cost-efektif  atau murah karena terbukti dapat mencegah dan mengurangi kejadian sakit cacat dan kematian akibat PD31 (Penyakit Dapat Ditangani Dengan Imunisasi), cakupan imunisasi dasar belum mencapi target. Untuk BCG mencapai 98,4%, HBO 86,7%, DPT HB1 47,2%, DPT HB3 60,9%, polio 80,1%, campak 81,5% dan cakupan imunisasi daasar lengkap sebesar 95%. Sedangkan di Kabupaten Pesawaran cakupan imunisasi dasar  masih belum mencapai target, cakupan imunisasi dasar untuk BCG mencapai 85,4%, HBO 78,1%, DPT HB1 48,2%, DPT HB3 63,2%, polio 76,8%, campak 72,1%. Tujuan penelitian Diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ibu melakukan imunisasi lengkap pada anak balita di Desa Purworejo Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kalirejo Kab. Pesawaran Tahun 2019.

Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, Rancangan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain Survei Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dan sampel sebanyak 53 orang, teknik sampling accidental sampling analisa data menggunakan univariat dan bivariate, dengan uji statistik chi square, penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2019.

Bedasarkan hasil penelitian didapat pengetahuan  ibu tentang imunisasi dari 53 ibu baik sebanyak 33 orang (63,3%), sikap baik sebanyak 37 orang (69,8%), lingkungan baik sebanyak 40 orang (75,5%), anak yang telah mendapat  imunisasi lengkap 36 orang (67,9%) Hasil uji statistic chi square didapat nilai p-value 0.004 (α<0.05) artinya terdapat hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi berdasarkan sumber informasi dari kartu vaksin dengan pelaksanaan imunisasi lengkap pada anak balita, p-value 0.001 (α<0.05) artinya terdapat hubungan sikap ibu menurut buku KIA Tentang Imunisasi, p-value 0.000 (α<0.05) artinya terdapat hubungan dukungan dari lingkungan terhadap ibu dengan pelaksanaan imunisasi lengkap pada anak balita. Saran dapat memberikan masukan bagi petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas dalam memberikan promosi kesehatan kepada masyarakat tentang vaksin serta pelaksanaan imunisasi lengkap.

ABSTRACT

Immunization is one of the most cost-effective or inexpensive health investments because it is proven to be able to prevent and reduce the incidence of disability and death due to PD31 (Disease Can Be Treated With Immunization), coverage of basic immunization has not reached the target. For BCG it reached 98.4%, HBO 86.7%, DPT HB1 47.2%, DPT HB3 60.9%, polio 80.1%, measles 81.5% and coverage of complete immunization by 95%. Whereas in Pesawaran District basic immunization coverage still had not reached the target, basic immunization coverage for BCG reached 85.4%, HBO 78.1%, HBD DPT 48.2%, HB3 DPT 63.2%, polio 76.8%, measles 72.1%. Research Objectives It is known the factors that influence mothers to do complete immunization in children under five in Purworejo Village Working Area of Kalirejo Community Health Center, Kab. Pesawaran Year 2019.

Type of quantitative research, The design in this study used the Analytical Survey design with a cross sectional approach. Population and sample were 53 people, accidental sampling analysis data analysis technique using univariate and bivariate, with chi square statistical test, the study was conducted in May 2019.

Based on the results of the study, mother's knowledge of immunization from 53 mothers was good as many as 33 people (63.3%), good attitude as many as 37 people (69.8%), good environment as many as 40 people (75.5%), children who had received 36 people complete immunization (67.9%) The chi square test results obtained p-value 0.004 (α <0.05) meaning that there is a relationship between mother's knowledge about immunization based on information sources from vaccine cards with complete immunization in children under five, p-value 0.001 (α <0.05) means that there is a relationship between the attitude of the mother according to the KIA Book About Immunization, p-value 0.000 (α <0.05) means that there is a relationship of support from the environment to mothers with complete immunization in children under five. Suggestions can provide input for health workers at the Puskesmas in providing health promotion to the public about vaccines and the implementation of complete immunization.