Strategic stakeholders’ typology and mapping using stakeholder network analyses on integrated crops-livestock farming systems in West New Guinea

Stakeholders and its network play prominent roles in development particularly agriculture sector. The involvement of many stakeholders and other parties shaped how farms can sustain in terms of economic, social and environment indicators. Exploring the importance and roles of actors become strategic and vital to recognize. Study was done in Manokwari using focus group discussion towards twenty various represented individuals, groups and mass institutions. The queries discussed concerning background, resources delivery, interconnectivity amongst actors, intervention and innovation. The finding is that the stakeholders in mixed crop-livestock are dominated by individuals’ actors who privately manage the farms officially has laws. These actors are commonly act like stakeholders who are positively important ruled the farms. The threats are real and exist and should be lowering as much as possible to mitigate the turn-back effect. The top five shared resources are access, satisfaction, power, knowledge and time allocation. Those resources will stay longer to sustain strong needs of the farms. The relationship of actors is dominated by positive similarity and the ranges of correlation are varying in between negative, neutral to positive. This is due to actors reluctant to deliver the intervention and innovation. Actors with low interest and low power should then be promote to high interest and power by using aids, guidance and services from each actor in mixed crop-livestock farms business.


INTRODUCTION
Agriculture development in particular crop-livestock sector is a mixed farming system that 38 recognized and worked by many small-scale farmers in the world. The form of this farming is run 39 by combining some commodities from crops and livestock. The trend of this system in the world is developed rapidly due to input efficiency, global climate changes and consumer concerns. These 41 three reasons become the goal of sustainable development. In line with consumers concern, people 42 now involve in determining products resulted from the farms. Development of this farming system 43 is in fact done by involvement of many parties too. 44 Involvement of many parties such as individuals, groups and mass is to fulfill and satisfy 45 people needs and consumers' preferences. In Europe and other Western countries, crops and   Actors and stakeholders' analyses commonly discussed qualitatively by drawing diagrams, 58 pictures and connectivity lines. Whereas, many can be done by a bit more quantitatively compute 59 the pattern and relationship of the network. Shapes of actors in line with individual, group and 60 mass determine how actors have to be approached (Muniesa, 2015). Law status and types of 61 organization become the criterion of legality in playing prominent roles (Hajjar et al., 2019). 62 Legality will provide certainty and respect of involvement, beside trust worthy. Roles as 63 stakeholder and shareholders will affect how contribution should be delivered in determining crop-64 livestock business beneficiary and production. Example is explained by Iyai et al. (2016) in 65 Manokwari, West Papua-Indonesia. 66 Understanding the background and the back-bound of the actors are utmost important 67 (Mayulu & Sutrisno, 2014). Best fitted and appropriate actors can play significant roles in 68 promoting and sustaining cattle farming system particularly in Indonesia and specifically in West   (Schiffer, 2007) and SmartPLS (Ringle et al., 2005), is Social Network Visualizer beside. The

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Social Network Analysis (SAN) is so far an adequate and appropriate software to compute network 80 and relationship (Krupa et al., 2017). By mapping the stakeholders, institutions, which have no power and interest, would identify and in turn, will be easy to promote their roles comprehensively.

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This multi-sectors of agriculture development needs detail positioning of the roles and 83 responsibilities from the involved actors. It is therefore, this study then aims to portrait typology 84 of actors involved in old traditional livelihood of crop-livestock farming systems, i.e. mixed crop-85 livestock business based on West Papuan circumstances.

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Location and involved actors 88 Research was done in Manokwari, West Papua. We have chosen several organizations, 89 groups and individuals who represented institutions, mass and households. We approached them 90 using phone and invitation letter for collecting all relevant data and information concerning 91 existing mixed crop-livestock farming business. Using focus group discussions and desk study 92 from qualitative research (Moleong, 1991), relevant data collected consisted of information and 93 data from research reports, policy documents, articles, daily newspapers and magazines. We 94 considered doing this by the reasons that bunches of information and data written out and available 95 even each was easy accessed. 96 We are concerned about the roles of stakeholders and shareholders in shaping and      The idea is to map the relationships in a graph by creating classes or groups of actors who are 129 equivalent in some sense. One way to do that, to identify groups of actors who are structurally 130 equivalent, is to examine the relationships between them for similarity patterns. There are many 131 methods to measure the similarity or dissimilarity of actors in a network. SocNetV supports the 132 following methods: Similarity by measure and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. By applying one 133 of these methods, SocNetV creates a pair-wise actor similarity/dissimilarity matrix. Computes a 134 pair-wise actor similarity matrix, where each element (i,j) is the ratio of tie (or distance) matches

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The IC' score is the standardized IC (IC divided by the sumIC) and can be seen as the 180 proportion of total information flow that is controlled by each actor. Note that standard IC' values 181 sum to unity, unlike most other centrality measures. Since there is no known generalization of 182 Stephenson & Zelen's theory for information centrality to directional relations, the index should 183 be calculated only for undirected graphs and is more meaningful in weighted graphs/networks.        There were three leaves (Fig. 4.), i.e. simple (simplicifolius) consisted of actors 13 and 6,  needed innovation for access. Satisfaction of actor services needed by 2 actors (11.11%), followed 346 by innovation for knowledge needed by six actors (33.33%), skills (50%), power (5.56%) and feed 347 materials (11.11%).

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Of Table 2, the typology of organization such as shapes, law status, types, roles, effect   Table 4 grouped actors with similar typology and characteristic. These figures (2, 3 and 4) actually 374 are drawing rich pictures and interpretation of actor network. We even have rich relationships and 375 rich interlinked connectivity amongst actors. In Figure 2., various linking actors were created and 376 these are phenomenal. It shows us the degree of mutual connectivity and as well as analyzing its 377 prospect interlinked actors. Relationship between Table 2 and Table 3  share aids and guidance, added to this is service.
380 Table 5 explores the computed relational actors. It can be seen in Table 5 Table 6 investigated and recorded resources of further action can be done. Policy, skills 386 and feed materials are the three top intervention that should deliver and needed by actors. However, 387 according to Table 6 as well, policy, space and skill are the top three programs of innovation.

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Meaning that, actors shall bring and deliver intervention based on these priorities. In general, we